The Constitutional Provisions Of India - 1112 Words

INTRODUCTION India has certain constitutional provisions and laws that make it obligatory for the state to provide the right to adequate housing to all its citizens. The Constitution of India is firmly grounded in the principles of liberty, fraternity, equality and justice. The list of constitutional provisions that have a bearing on the right to adequate housing including women’s and children’s rights to adequate housing, are: equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15 (1)) Special provisions in favour of women and children based on the principle of protective discrimination (Article 15 (3)) Equality of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State (Article 16) Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India (Article 19(1) (d)) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India (Article 19 (1) (e)) Right of all citizens to practice any profession, or to carry on 9 any occupation, trade or business (Article 19 (1) (g)) Right to life and personal liberty (Article 21) DEFINITIONS Disability as defined by the Act (Person with Disability Act, 1995) covers blindness, low vision, leprosy-cured, hearing impairment, locomotor disability, mental retardation and mental illness as well as multiple disability. (l) Impairment - Missing or defective body part, an amputated Limb, paralysis afterShow MoreRelatedJudicial Review And The Indian Courts1444 Words   |  6 Pagesstate which is exercised by the courts to determine the validity of a rule of law or an action of any agency of the state. The courts have the power of testing the validity of legislative as well as other governmental action with reference to the provisions of the constitution. The judiciary tries to undo the harm that is being done by the legislature and executive and they also try to provide every citizen what has been guaranteed by the constitution. Judicial review has a more technical significanceRead MoreEssay on Reservation and The Right to Equality1674 Words   |  7 Pages15(5) which provided a right to the state to make laws for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes. The state by this amendment was given the power to make provisions or laws in relation to admission to all educational institutions except for minority educational institutions. To enforce this right The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 or the reservation act was passed. TheRead MoreArbitration1361 Words   |  6 Pages|was passed on 6 September 2012 by the Constitutional Bench of the Honble Supreme Court comprising Honble Chief Justice J.N. Patel, Justice | | |Surinder Singh Nijjar, Justice D.K. Jain, Justice Mrs. Ranjana Desai, Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar. This landmark judgment passed in Civil | | |Appeal No. 7019 of 2005 (Bharat Aluminium Co. vs. Kaiser Aluminium Technical Service, Inc.) along with 7 other Appeals lays down a new | | |foundation in India in respect of foreign arbitrations andRead MoreThe Right Of Education Act ( Rte ) Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pages Now our India has joined the group of those countries who provide for a constitutional right to free and compulsory education to its children. The RTE Act mandates that â€Å"every child of the age of six to fourteen years shall have a right to free and compulsory education in a neighbourhood school till completion of elementary education.† As per Section 12(1) of the Act, it is from within this neighbourhood that each school is to admit children belonging to EWS. This particular provision deals theRead MoreThe Definition Of Preventive Detention Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesprobability, of the impending commission of an act prejudicial to the state. The object is to prevent the abuse of freedom by anti-social and subversive elements. The Supreme Court in A.k.gopalan v. state of madras , explaining the necessity of provisions relating to p reventive detention observed: â€Å"This sinister-looking feature so strangely out of place in a democratic constitution which invests personal liberty with the sacrosanctity of the fundamental rights, and so incompatibleRead MoreIf The Political Party Development Act Of The Philippines1239 Words   |  5 Pageslaw making on behalf of the legislatures and senators. India’s Constitutional Amendment for Affirmative Action India’s affirmative action enshrined in their 1950 Constitution is used here to exemplify how the Constitution can be a powerful tool to promote equality of disadvantaged castes to the extent that it cannot be legally challenged and is practically irrevocable unless a Constitutional amendment is called to revise the provision on the reservation system. The Philippines could learn from thisRead MoreA Literal Reading Of The Indian Constitution1595 Words   |  7 Pagesspheres explicitly assigned to the States. Financial constraints of the states have led to the proliferation of central schemes and national missions. The all encompassing ambit of entry 20 in List III, social and economic planning provided the constitutional basis for the planned development model of the first phase. New elements of the division of powers and responsibilities have begun to assume importance, overshading to a certain extent the issues which dominated the reform agenda of the earlierRead MoreThe Case Of Unified Tele Services Providers Others V. Union Of India Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe verdict in the case of Association of Unified Tele Services Providers Others v. Union of India was delivered on April 17, 2014 by a bench consisting of Justice K.S. Radhakrishnana and Justice Vikramajit Sen. The Supreme Court of India pronounced that the Comptroller Auditor General of India (â€Å"CAG†) has the power to call for an audit of the accounts of private service providers who are parties to the UAS license scheme with the Government in order to ensure that the Government was receivingRead MoreSupreme Court Standing On Section 497 Of Ipc. This Part1374 Words   |  6 PagesUnion of India and V. Revathi v Union of India. These cases will discuss about Supreme Court stand ing on adultery. ï‚ § Yusuf Abdul Aziz Vs. The State of Bombay and Husseinbhoy Laljee The first important discussion regarding the constitutional validity of the section was held in the case of Yusuf Abdul Aziz v The State of Bombay and Husseinbhoy Laljee In this case, Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code was challenged to be ultra vires the Article 14 and 15 of the Constitution of India. The SupremeRead MoreCodification Of Parliamentary Privileges- Why It Is Absolutely1396 Words   |  6 PagesCODIFICATION OF PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES- WHY IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY? No law per to the provisions contained under Article 105(3)and 194(3) of the Constitution of India has been made so far with regard to the codification of the ‘other’ privileges, which is contrary to very intent and desire of the founding fathers. Even in the United Kingdom, the law with regard to the Parliamentary Privileges has undergone tremendous change since 1950, however, the Indian Legislatures have still not realized

The Constitution Of The United States - 894 Words

Abaft every country in the world is a set of rules and regulations that is the substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailing how to country is governed. Not only that, but the Constitution states what rights citizens gain at birth. Although the Constitution has been used to make important changes throughout U.S history, many people are still oblivious to the document, and through analyzing the Constitution citizens can see the changes the document has made on society. Study The U.S Constitution is a very important document for the United States. Not only does the U.S Constitution give rudimental guidelines of our country, but also guarantees rudimental rights for citizens of the United States. Nicknamed â€Å"The Supreme Law of the Land† the Constitution can be described as the backbone of our country. However, most people of our country do not know most of the information contained in the Constitution or sometimes what the Constitution is. According to a survey conducted by ABC news, seventy percent of Americans could not name whatShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitu tion was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be heldRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe Constitution of the United States divide powers between both Congress and President in a way to prevent tyranny. The legislative and executive branches have major roles in America’s form of government. Each have significant roles but would overlay within each other especially when it comes to foreign policy. In the process of foreign policy, both sides tend to collide whether it may be Congress against the executive branch or vice versa. It becomes something contradictory in which Political Scientist

Illegal Drug Control Free Essays

Those questions are addressed in this report which reviews drug ppolicy and results in Australia. In 1998, United Nations Member States met in a Special Session of the General Assembly and agreed to take tougher action to reduce both the illicit supply of, and the demand for, drugs before 2008. Australia has taken that pledge seriously. We will write a custom essay sample on Illegal Drug Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1998 it introduced a â€Å"Tough on Drugs Strategy† that aims to reduce drug supply, trafficking, and demand as well as the harm caused by drugs. This Strategy seems to be working: drug use levels have dropped significantly. Indeed, the turn around has been dramatic. To improve global efforts to contain the threat posed by drugs, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) seeks to increase the body of knowledge available to ppolicy makers. That includes collecting success stories. If Australia continues to build on its recent progress, it too could become a success story and provide inspiration and valuable lessons for other countries. This report, following a ssimilar UNODC study of Sweden’s drug ppolicy (2006), aims to contribute to a growing body of evidence that will help countries bring their drug problems under control. Antonio Maria Costa Executive Director United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 3 In response to increases in drug abuse in the 1990’s Australia implemented a vigilant drug control strategy. As this report makes clear, drug control has long been a priority of recent Governments and effective changes in recent years were due to pro-active, empirically-based drug control strategy, and a well developed system of services at the state and local levels. This report analyses the developments and changes in Australia’s drug policies over the last decades and their impact. Australia implemented a rather repressive drug control ppolicy from the beginning of the 20th century. This worked well until the 1970s. Australia shifted to harm-reduction approaches as of the mid 1980s, with a sthrong emphasis on prevention and treatment. This helped Australia to avoid a large-scale injecting drug use (IDU) related HIV/AIDS epidemic. In contrast to alcohol and tobacco where Australia achieved remarkable demand reduction through prevention activities, drug abuse continued rising and reached alarming levels by 1998. In 1998 Australia introduced a National Illicit Drugs Strategy â€Å"Tough on Drugs† which strengthened the supply control aspects without weakening demand-side interventions or giving up harm-reduction approaches. In the case of heroin, the strategy focused clearly on a reduction of supply. There followed higher heroin prices, lower heroin purity and ultimately substantially lower levels of heroin consumption. Drug related deaths declined, as well as drug related crime. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROVIDES THE CLEAREST INDICATION OF A DRUG ADDICTION? Answer at this question at  https://donemyessay.com/unit-5-review/ Use of other drugs also declined, both among the general population and among secondary school sstudents- mainly due to improved prevention and treatment activities and more funds made available by the authorities to drug control in general. The Australian National Council on Drugs (ANCD) incorporated many of the leading drug experts of the country and strengthened calls for higher budgets in the fight against the drug problem. Australia’s drug ppolicy has been based on a broad ppolicy mix of supply reduction, demand reduction and harm minimisation policies. In addition, Australia has made commendable efforts at advancing the knowledge base for policy making. The country has consistently conducted in-depth research and evaluations of its various strategies and programmes – subsequently adjusting them according to efficacy. This concentration on empirically-based ppolicy formulation continues to demonstrate positive results. The drug ppolicy was largely bi-partisan in nature as the States as well as the federal Government participated in its formulation and implementation (Until recently, the individual States were governed by different political parties than federal Australia). A new Australian Government, elected in late 2007, is yet to leave its mark on domestic drug strategies. How to cite Illegal Drug Control, Papers

A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay Example For Students

A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay A Clean Well-Lighted Place, written by Ernest Hemmingway, takes place after 2am in a Spanish caf where the characters a young waiter and an older waiter work, and a deaf man is a regular customer. The title, A Clean Well-Lighted Place, refers to the caf where the story takes place. The night (or early morning) this story takes place, the young waiter is in a rush to get home to his wife. Although the caf is not closed yet, the young waiter lies to the deaf man, saying the caf is closed, and forces the deaf man to leave early. Following this incident, the older waiter protests the younger waiters actions by explaining why the old man spends so much time alone in the caf during the evenings. After his explanation, the older waiter goes on to explain that he spends his life in much the same way as the deaf man because he too is lonely. The character of the older waiter and his response to the younger waiters treatment of the deaf man as well as his account of his loneliness are major co ntributors to the theme: with age comes loneliness. Although the characters of the deaf man and the young waiter are important parts of the story because they are personalities the older waiter uses to tell his account of his loneliness, the character of the older waiter contributes most to the overall theme. It is the older waiter whose point of view the narrator tells the story and through the older waiters point of view his deep feelings of loneliness become apparent . While closing the caf and after the younger waiter left, the older waiter continues his conversation (in his head) with the young waiter about the deaf man in the following speech. . .he continued the conversation with himself the older waiter . . . What did he fear? It was not fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanliness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada . (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)While the older waiter is referring to the deaf man in this passage, it is obvious he knows all too well exactly what the deaf man is feeling. The older waiter goes on, replacing words of the Lords Prayer with nada (the Spanish word for nothing) and further deepening the belief that he too is completely forlorn:Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)After completing this speech and allowing the reader this awful glimpse into his perception of life, the waiter then goes a bar. While the older waiters version of the Lords Prayer confirms the notion that he feels life is made of nothing, it is earlier in the story where the waiter acknowledges his belief that age causes his loneliness. This is noticeable in his conversation with the younger waiter: Why didnt you let him stay and drink? the unhurried waiter asked the older waiter. . .its not half past two. The young waiter answers the older waiter saying he wants to get home early to is wife. Whats an hour? The older waiter says More to me than to him. Says the young waiter You talk like an old man yourself . . . .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postImageUrl , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:visited , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active { border:0!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby - The Characters EssayAnd you? You have no fear of going home before the usual hour?No . . . says the young waiter . . .I have confidence. I am all confidence. You have youth, confidence, and a job, the older waiter said. You have everything. And what do you lack? . . . You have everything I have. No. I have never had confidence and I am not young. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)This conversation actualizes the theme, with age comes loneliness. In addition to the older waiters conversation with the younger waiter as well as his version of the Lords Prayer, the waiter also explains the need for a clean, well-lighted place, immediately symbolizing the caf. The meaning of the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place is explained by the older waiter once his stream of consciousness takes over after he closes the caf. . . . Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It is the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)With this explanation, the older waiter allows the reader to understand why a place like the caf is necessary for those that live as dismal as he does. By using the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place to refer to the caf and allowing the older waiter to explain why the caf deserves such a title, Ernest Hemmingway symbolizes the caf. Through this explanation, the older waiter leads the reader to conclude that this is not just a caf, it is an island of refuge from night, chaos, loneliness, and old age (p.218, Gioia and Kennedy) as well as the theme that age brings loneliness. Although the message conveyed by A Clean Well-Lighted Place is age causes loneliness or age brings about loneliness, that message is not constantly true (there are too many people in the world for anyone to pass that type of judgment). However, in this particular story, age brings about loneliness is a theme that may be true to many people. Nevertheless the fact remains that in A Clean Well-Lighted Place the older waiters actions and his personal thoughts as well as the symbol of the caf leads to the overall message that with age comes loneliness. Bibliography:Gioia, Dana and X.J. Kennedy. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 7th edition. New York: Longman, 1999