Asceticism - The Joy of Fasting, Flagellation and Self-mutilation Essay

Asceticism - The Joy of Fasting, Flagellation and Self-mutilation In order to achieve a spiritual understanding, people have subjected themselves to extreme self denial through fasting, flagellation and self-mutilation (The Columbia Encyclopedia). This practice of self mortification is known as asceticism. Asceticism has been known to exist since the commencement of recorded religion. This zealous religious practice is associated with many religions, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Derived from the Greek work askesis, asceticism adheres to its definition of exercise, training, and discipline- â€Å"Ascetical practices are human strategies for spiritual living. They have elements of effort and method, deprivation, and voluntary suffering† (Larkin, O. Carm). Practicing ascetics strive for the enhancement of spiritual life as their ultimate goal. Asceticism has been implicated by many of its followers in order to â€Å"produce visions†¦mourn the dead†¦sharpen spiritual awareness†¦or reach accord with a god† (The Columbia Encyclopedia). The self-denying procedure is also a way in which to subdue sin within one’s life and restrain one’s evil inclinations. Asceticism takes many forms. It can be applied broadly as an aspect of all cultures, as social asceticism. The social regulations that control society stress individual control. Without this self-control, society would fail to survive. This method of asceticism is loosely based upon the guidelines of discipline. The more severe forms of asceticism involve those who seek a profound spiritual journey. The drastic measures taken in order to fulfill the idea of self denial ofte... ...re.com/depts/medmuseum/galleryexhibits/artthatheals/12imagesandasceticism.html Mercier, Jacques. Art That Heals: the Image as Medicine in Ethiopia. New York: Prestel Books and the Museum for African Art, 1997. This website is entitled â€Å"Images and Asceticism.† In Maugham’s The Moon and Sixpence, Charles Strickland was a character that had an ascetic ideal in his artistic environment. These images display scenes of asceticism and the sufferings that were endured in the practice. http://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/installations/spiritual.shtml This website also displays a painting of asceticism as was practiced in India. http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/a/asceticism.html This website provides a detailed background and history of asceticism. It highlights interesting stories that account for the origination of the religious practice.

Hr Maxa

Training and Developing Employees Multiple Choice 1. _____ provides new employees with the basic background information required to perform their jobs satisfactorily. a. Employee recruitment b. Employee selection c. Employee orientation d. Employee development e. Training (c; easy; p. 268) 2. Orientation typically includes information on _____. a. employee benefits b. personnel policies c. daily routine d. safety measures e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 268) 3. The methods used to give new or present employees the skills they need to perform their jobs are called _____. a. orientation b. training c. development d. ppraisal e. management (b; easy; p. 270) 4. Employers use a(n) _____ to ensure that employees are working toward organizational goals. a. performance management process b. employee orientation program c. management by objectives program d. rewards program e. just-in-time system (a; moderate; p. 270)5. Which of the following has the highest influence on organizational effec tiveness? a. appraisal b. feedback c. training d. goal-setting e. technology (d; moderate; p. 270) 6. The first step in a training program is to _____. a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience . design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (d; moderate; p. 270) 7. What is the second step in the training process? a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (c; moderate; p. 270) 8. The third step in the training process is to _____. a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. rain the targeted group of employees (b; moderate; p. 270) 9. The fourth step in the training process is to _____. a. assess the prog ram’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (e; moderate; p. 270) 10. What is the final step in the training process? a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (a; moderate; p. 270) 11.James is currently identifying the specific job performance skills needed, analyzing the skills of prospective trainees, and developing knowledge and performance objectives based on the deficiencies he finds. James is working on the _____ step in the training and development process. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth e. fifth (a; moderate; p. 270) 12. Which of the following is not a consideration when designing a training program that motivates the trainees? a. provide the opportunity to apply the material b. provide prompt feedback c. utilize a half or three-fourths day schedule d. pay the trainees for the time spent in training . allow trainees to set their own pace (d; moderate; p. 271) 13. Which of the following is recommended for training sessions to maximize learning? a. a full day b. a half-day c. one hour d. three hours e. two hours (b; moderate; p. 272) 14. If an employer fails to train an employee adequately and an employee subsequently does harm to a third party, the court could find the employer liable for ____. a. negligent hiring b. discrimination c. negligent trainingd. occupational fraud e. adverse action (c; moderate; p. 272) 15. Which of the following steps will not help employers protect themselves against charges of negligent training? . confirm employee claims of skill and experience b. provide extensive training c. evaluate the degree to which training lowers risks associated with job d. pay employees for time spent in training e. all of the above will help emplo yers protect themselves (d; difficult; p. 272) 16. Under which situation below, should an employer pay an employee for time spent in training? a. the training program is voluntary b. the training program is directly related to the trainee’s job c. the trainee does not perform any productive work during the program d. he training program is conducted outside working hours e. the training provides no immediate benefit to the employer (b; difficult; p. 273) 17. _____ is a detailed study of the job to determine what specific skills the job requires. a. Needs analysis b. Task analysis c. Performance analysis d. Training strategy e. Development planning (b; easy; p. 273) 18. Employers can supplement the job description and specification with a _____ that consolidates information regarding required tasks and skills in a format that is helpful for determining training requirements. a. erformance record form b. training assessment form c. task analysis record form d. skill sheet e. wo rk function analysis (c; moderate; p. 273) 19. A task analysis record form contains all of the following information except a. task list b. required skill set c. quality of performanced. employee name e. performance conditions (d; moderate; p. 273) 20. Employers can identify training needs for new employees by _____. a. reviewing job descriptions b. reviewing performance standards c. performing the job d. questioning current job holders e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 73) 21. The process of verifying that there is a performance deficiency and determining if such deficiency should be corrected through training or through some other means is called _____. a. needs analysis b. task analysis c. performance analysis d. training strategy e. development planning (c; moderate; p. 273) 22. The first step in a performance analysis is to _____. a. compare the person’s performance to ideal performance b. evaluate productivity per employee c. assess number of employee-related customer co mplaints d. evaluate supervisor performance reviews e. onduct tests of job knowledge (a; moderate; p. 273) 23. Sources of performance deficiencies in an employee may develop from a lack of _____. a. training b. supplies c. support systems d. rewards e. all of the above (e; moderate; p. 273) 24. _____ means having a person learn a job by actually doing it. a. Practice b. On-the-job training c. Socialization d. Social learning e. Modeling (b; easy; p. 275) 25. Which of the following training methods is the most popular? a. on-the-job training b. apprenticeship training c. informal learning d. job instruction training e. lectures (a; moderate; p. 275) 26.On-the-job training can be accomplished through the use of all of the following techniques except a. coaching b. programmed learning c. understudy d. job rotation e. special assignments (b; moderate; p. 275) 27. Rebekah was hired soon after graduation and assigned to complete a management trainee program. She will move to various jobs each month for a nine-month period of time. Her employer is utilizing the _____ form of training. a. job rotation b. understudy c. coaching d. special assignments e. informal learning (a; moderate; p. 275) 28. Jack hopes to be promoted to head of his department next year.In the meantime, he has been assigned to spend a year as assistant to the current department head. This is an example of the _____ form of training. a. job rotation b. job instruction c. coaching d. special assignments e. informal learning (c; moderate; p. 275) 29. Which of the following guidelines is intended to â€Å"Prepare the Learner† for success using on-the-job training? a. explain performance quality requirements b. go through the job at the normal work pace c. designate to whom the learner should go for help d. familiarize the worker with equipment, materials, and tools e. compliment good work (d; moderate; p. 276) 0. Which of the following guidelines is intended to â€Å"Present the Operation† when taking the steps for success using on-the-job training? a. put the learner at ease b. have the learner explain the steps as the trainer goes through the job at a slow pace c. explain the whole job d. create interest in the job e. compliment good work (b; moderate; p. 276) 31. The â€Å"Do a Tryout† step for success when using on-the-job training entails all of the following except _____. a. finding out what the learner already knows about this job b. having the learner go through the job several times while explaining each step c. unning the job at the normal pace d. having the learner do the job while gradually building up skill and speed e. correcting mistakes as the learner goes through the job (a; moderate; p. 276) 32. Which of the following is not part of the â€Å"Follow Up† step in ensuring success from on-the-job training? a. decrease supervision b. correct faulty work patterns c. explain quantity and quality requirements d. designate to whom the learner should go for help e. compliment good work (c; moderate; p. 276) 33. The first step to ensuring success for on-the-job training programs is to _____. a. present the operation b. ollow up c. do a tryout d. prepare the learner e. evaluate the program (d; easy; p. 276) 34. When low expectations on the trainer’s part translate into poor trainee performance, this is called the _____. a. golem effect b. expectations fallacy c. what you ask for is what you get effect d. expectancy risk e. trainer bias (a; moderate; p. 275) 35. A structured process by which people become skilled workers through a combination of classroom instruction and on-the-job training is called _____. a. job instruction training b. understudy training c. programmed learning d. apprenticeship training e. coaching (d; easy; p. 276) 6. Which form of on-the-job training usually involves having a learner study under the tutelage of a master craftsperson? a. job instruction training b. understudy training c. programm ed learning d. apprenticeship training e. coaching (d; easy; p. 276) 37. All of the following occupations except _____ use apprenticeship training to prepare trainees. a. cook b. electrician c. millwright d. operating engineer e. teacher (e; moderate; p. 276) 38. When jobs consist of a logical sequence of steps and are best taught step-by-step, the appropriate training method to use is _____. a. job instruction training b. informal learning . job rotation d. programmed learning e. apprenticeship training (a; moderate; p. 277) 39. The first step in using a job instruction training program is to _____. a. prepare the worker b. list all necessary steps in the job c. order the steps in the job d. list key points or guidelines for each step e. present the operation (b; moderate; p. 277) 40. A disadvantage of lecturing as a method of training is that it is _____. a. fast b. appropriate for large groups c. allow questions from the audience d. boring e. less expensive than written materials (d; easy; p. 278) 41. _____ is a step-by-step self-learning method. a.Job instruction training b. Programmed learning c. Apprenticeship training d. Lecturing e. Job rotation (b; easy; p. 279) 42. Which of the following is not an advantage of programmed learning? a. reduction in training time b. facilitation of learning c. reduced feeling of risk on the part of the learner d. learning similar to that with textbook e. immediate feedback provided (d; moderate; p. 279) 43. Functional illiteracy is defined as _____. a. reading below 9th grade level b. the inability to handle basic reading, writing, and arithmetic c. the inability to understand standard industry terminology d. roficiency in math and reading skills at the 8th grade level and above e. all of the above (b; moderate; p. 279) 44. Employers are responding to the problem of functional illiteracy by _____. a. testing the basic skills of job candidates b. instituting literacy programs at work c. conducting literacy audits d. hold ing formal classes on math and reading e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 279) 45. Because illiterate employees will usually try to hide their problem, supervisors can try to identify illiteracy problems by looking for employees who _____. a. do not follow written instructions b. take forms home to complete . are multilingual d. both a and b e. all of the above (d; moderate; p. 279) 46. Which of the following goals is the focus of diversity training? a. to create cross-cultural sensitivity b. to foster harmonious working relationships c. to improve interpersonal skills d. to socialize employees into the corporate culture e. all of the above (e; moderate; p. 280) 47. An advantage of conventional lecturing over the use of audiovisual-based training is that _____. a. audiovisuals are more boring b. audiovisuals are more expensive c. audiovisuals allow for instant replay and stop-action d. udiovisuals can show events that are not easily demonstrated in live lectures e. audiovisuals can be easily sent to all locations (b; moderate; p. 280) 48. Another term for vestibule training is _____. a. apprenticeship training b. computer-based training c. cubicle training d. simulated training e. job instruction training (d; moderate; p. 281) 49. _____ is a method in which trainees learn on actual or simulated equipment but are trained away from the job. a. Vestibule training b. Apprenticeship training c. Retreat training d. Cubicle training e. Job instruction training (a; moderate; p. 281) 50.Pilots train on flight simulators for safety, learning efficiency, and cost savings. This is an example of _____. a. apprenticeship training b. on-the-job training c. simulated training d. coaching e. programmed learning (c; easy; p. 281) 51. _____ are computer-based training systems that learn what the trainee did right and wrong and then adjusts the instructional sequence to the trainee’s unique needs. a. Programmed learning b. Multi-media training c. DVD training programs d. Int elligent tutoring systems e. Programmed instruction (d; moderate; p. 281) 52. All of the following are advanced types of computer-based training except _____. . interactive gaming systems b. intelligent tutoring systems c. interactive multimedia training d. virtual reality training e. all of the above are advanced types of computer-based training systems (a; moderate; p. 281) 53. A(n) _____ is a set of instruction, diagrams, or similar methods available at the job site to guide the worker. a. instruction sheet b. job aid c. task analysis record form d. skill sheet e. work function analysis (b; easy; p. 282) 54. United Airlines utilizes a checklist of things that pilots should do prior to take-off and landing. This checklist is an example of a(n) _____. a. job aid b. nstruction sheet c. task analysis form d. work function analysis e. skill sheet (a; moderate; p. 282) 55. Travel agents at Apollo Travel Services follow a computer program that displays question prompts and dialogue boxe s with travel policies as the agent enters information about the consumer’s travel plans. This is an example of a(n) _____. a. job aid b. electronic performance support system c. intelligent tutoring system d. computer-managed instruction e. computer-based training (b; moderate; p. 282) 56. With _____, a trainer in a central location teaches groups of employees at remote locations via television hookups. . lecturing b. audiovisual-based instruction c. teletraining d. teleteaching e. distance learning (c; easy; p. 283) 57. Any attempt to improve managerial performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills is called _____. a. diversity training b. on-the-job training c. performance improvement programs d. management development e. coaching (d; easy; p. 285) 58. The _____ process consists of 1) assessing the company’s strategic needs, 2) appraising the current performance of managers, and 3) developing the managers. a. management development b. management skills inventory c. succession planning . action planning e. performance support (a; moderate; p. 285) 59. The _____ process consists of 1) anticipating management needs, 2) reviewing the firm’s management skills inventory, and 3) creating replacement charts. a. management development b. management skills inventory c. succession planning d. action planning e. performance support (c; moderate; p. 285) 60. Which on-the-job training method is used for managerial positions? a. job rotation b. coaching c. action learning d. outside seminars e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 286) 61. In a(n) _____, carefully selected teams tackle real world business rograms that extend beyond their usual areas of expertise and receive coaching and feedback on their work. a. management development program b. action learning program c. role playing program d. job instruction program e. understudy program (b; moderate; p. 286) 62. The transparent, but often impermeable barrier that women fac e when trying to move to top management is called the _____. a. glass ceiling b. glass wall c. invisible corner office d. iron wall e. Mount Everest (a; easy; p. 287) 63. _____ is a special approach to organizational change in which the employees formulate the change that’s required and implement it. a.Managerial development b. Action research c. Succession planning d. Organizational development e. Participative management (d; moderate; p. 290) 64. Which of the following is not an application of organizational development? a. human process b. technostructural c. human resource management d. strategic e. interventions (e; moderate; p. 290) 65. The basic aim of _____ is to increase the participant’s insight into his or her own behavior and the behavior of others by encouraging an open expression of feelings in a trainer-guided group. a. sensitivity training b. action research c. group therapy d. diversity training e. coaching a; moderate; p. 295) 66. Which of the followi ng organizational development techniques focuses on technostructural applications? a. t-groups b. process consultation c. quality circles d. team building e. goal setting (c; moderate; p. 295) 67. Which organizational development application involves examples like goal setting, performance appraisal, and employee wellness? a. human process b. strategic c. technostructural d. human resource management e. process consultation (d; easy; p. 295) 68. Which of the following is not measured to evaluate a training program? a. organizational productivity b. participants’ reactions to the program . what trainees learned from the program d. changes in on-the-job behavior e. training objectives achieved (a; moderate; p. 299) 69. In a _____, measures are taken before and after the training program so they can be compared to assess the effectiveness of the program. a. Soloman four-factor design b. time series design c. controlled experiment d. post-test only design e. factorial design (b; moderate; p. 299) 70. When _____ are measured to assess the effectiveness of a training program, variables such as liking of the program, satisfaction with the program, and attitude toward the program are assessed. a. earning outcomes b. behavioral outcomes c. results d. reactions e. productivity levels (d; moderate; p. 299) True/ False 71. Employee orientation programs range from brief, informal introductions to lengthy, formal courses. (T; easy; p. 268) 72. Orientation refers to the methods used to give new or present employees the skills they need to perform their jobs. (F; easy; p. 268) 73. Most employers do not develop their own training materials. (T; easy; p. 271) 74. Training sessions should be half-day or three-fourths day in length rather than a full day, because the learning curve goes down late in the day. T; easy; p. 272) 75. Employers face the same consequences for discriminating against protected individuals when selecting candidates for training programs as they woul d in selecting candidates for jobs. (T; moderate; p. 272) 76. Employers must always pay employees for attending training programs. (F; moderate; p. 273) 77. The main task in analyzing current employees’ training needs is to determine what the job entails, break the job down into subtasks, and then teach each subtask to the employee. (F; moderate; p. 273) 78.Performance analysis is a detailed study of a job to determine what specific skills the job requires. (F; easy; p. 273) 79. The golem effect refers to the occurrence of poor trainee performance caused by low expectations for success by the trainer. (T; moderate; p. 275) 80. A disadvantage of on-the-job training is its expense. (F; easy; p. 275) 81. The American Society for Training and Development estimates that only about 20% of what employees learn on the job is learned through informal means while the rest is learned through formal training programs. F; moderate; p. 277) 82. Job instruction training is a step-by-step se lf-learning method which uses a textbook, computer, or the Internet. (F; moderate; p. 277) 83. Some estimate that 50% of the U. S. population reads below the eighth-grade level with about 90 million adults considered functionally illiterate. (T; moderate; p 279) 84. Literacy training is sometimes a part of a diversity training program. (T; moderate; p. 279) 85. Computer-managed instruction (CMI) is able to provide some of the primary characteristics of a human tutor. (F; difficult; p. 281) 86.Intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) is more advanced than intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for providing tutoring. (F; difficult; p. 281) 87. Succession planning is a type of management development program. (T; easy; p. 286) 88. Lewin’s change process consists of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing. (T; easy; p. 292) 89. Management development is a special approach to organizational change in which the employees themselves formulate the change that is required and implement it. (F; moderate; p. 285) 90. Organizational development usually involves action research. T; moderate; p. 294) 91. Sensitivity training seeks to increase participants’ insight into their own behavior and the behavior of others by encouraging an open expression of feelings in a trainer guided t-group. (T; moderate; p. 295) 92. Survey research is a convenient way to unfreeze a company’s management and employees by providing comparative, graphic illustration of the fact that the organization does have problems to solve. (T; easy; p. 295) 93. OD applications in human resource management involve changing firm structure, methods, and job design to improve efficiency and roductivity. (F; moderate; p. 295) 94. Survey research is a technostructural OD technique. (F; moderate; p. 295) 95. Human resource management OD applications use action research to enable employees to analyze and change their firm’s personnel practices such as performance appraisal and reward system s. (T; easy; p. 295) 96. Integrated strategic management is an OD method of developing and implementing a strategic change plan. (T; easy; p. 295) 97. A survey of employee attitudes towards the training program is the most frequently used assessment method. (F; moderate; p. 96) 98. When designing a training evaluation study, one can use a time series design or a controlled experiment. (T; moderate; p. 299) 99. When a training program is evaluated by measuring the outcomes of a group who receives the training and another group that receives no training, it is called a time series design. (F; moderate; p. 299) 100. The four categories of training outcomes are reactions, learning, behavior, and results. (T; easy; p. 299) Essay/ Short Answer 101. What four things should a successful orientation program accomplish? (moderate; p. 268)Answer: New employees should feel welcome and at ease. New employees should understand the organization in a broad sense including its past, present, culture , and vision for the future. They should be clear about what is expected in terms of work and behavior. They should have begun the socialization process into the firm’s way of doing things. 102. Training is not useful if the trainee lacks the motivation to benefit from it. The more meaningful the material, the more motivated an employee should be to learn. How can a manager make training material more meaningful for employees? easy; p. 271) Answer: There are five suggestions for making training material more meaningful for employees. First, an overall picture of the training material that will be presented should be provided at the start of training. Second, familiar examples should be used. Third, the information should be logically organized and presented. Fourth, the vocabulary used during training should be familiar to the trainees. Fifth, many visual aids should be used. 103. There are several sources of information an employer can use to identify a current employee†™s training needs.List five of these sources of information. (moderate; p. 273) Answer: The possible sources of information include performance reviews (supervisor, peer, self, and 360 degree); job-related performance data such as productivity, absenteeism and tardiness, accidents, short-term sickness, grievances, waste, late deliveries, product quality, downtime, repairs equipment utilization, and customer complaints; observation by supervisors or other specialists; interviews with the employee or the supervisor; skill tests; attitude surveys; employee task diaries; and assessment center results. 104.Trainers often try to solve employee performance deficiencies with training, but some deficiencies can’t be overcome with training. What other causes might exist for performance deficiency from an employee? (easy; p. 274) Answer: Training is appropriate if the problem is caused by the employee failing to understand how to do, what to do, or what the standards for performance a re. However, if employees are not provided with the proper resources for doing a job well then training cannot solve this problem. Likewise, if employees have the necessary knowledge and resources, then the may not be motivated to improve performance. 05. There are several types of on-the-job training. Identify and describe three types. Which one is used most often? Why? (moderate; p. 275) Answer: The types of on-the-job training include the coaching or understudy method, the job rotation method, and the special assignments method. Using the understudy method, an experienced worker or the trainee’s supervisor trains the employee. At lower levels, the trainee might observe the supervisor, but it is also used at higher levels. Job rotation means that an employee moves from job to job at planned intervals. This is common in management training programs.Special assignments give employees firsthand experience in working on actual problems. The coaching or understudy method is used most often. It is the simplest to execute and still offers the advantages of OTJ training. 106. What advantages are associated with on-the-job training? (moderate; p. 275 Answer: OJT is relatively inexpensive. Trainees learn while producing and there is no need for expensive training facilities like classrooms or programmed learning devices. OJT also facilitates learning because trainees learn by doing and get prompt feedback on their performance. 107.On-the-job training can be enhanced if trainers know the four-step job instruction technique. What are the four steps in job instruction? Explain what happens in each step. (moderate; p. 276) Answer: The four steps in job instruction are to 1) prepare the learner, 2) present the operation, 3) do a tryout, and 4) follow up. In the first step, the trainer should try to put the learner at ease and relieve tension. The trainer should explain why the trainee is being taught. The trainer should create interest in the training by encouraging questions and finding out what the learner already knows.The job should be explained to the trainee along with making sure the trainee is familiar with the equipment, materials, tools, and terminology of the trade. In the second step, the trainer should explain the quantity and quality requirements of the job. The job should be gone through at a normal pace and then at a slower pace several times while explaining each step. After the steps have been covered, the learner should explain the steps to the trainer while the trainer goes through the job at a slow pace. In the third step, the learner should go through the job several times slowly while explaining each step.Mistakes should be corrected. Then the learner should do the job at a normal pace. This should continue while the learner builds up skill and speed. Once the learner has demonstrated ability to do the job, the work should begin, but the trainer should stay close by. In the final step, the trainer should designate a cont act person the learner can reach for help. Supervision should be gradually decreased but work should still be checked periodically for quality and quantity standards. Any faulty work patterns should be corrected.Finally good work should be complimented and the worker encouraged until able to performance standards. 108. Describe the programmed learning training method and explain the three parts of this form of instruction. (moderate; p. 279) Answer: Programmed learning is a step-by-step self-learning method using a medium such as a textbook, computer, or the Internet. The three parts of the method include presenting questions, facts, and problems to the learner, allowing the person to respond, and then providing feedback on the accuracy of answers. 109. What is the goal of succession planning?What steps are involved in the process? (moderate; p. 286) Answer: Succession planning refers to the process through which a company plans for and fills senior-level openings. The typical succe ssion planning process involves several steps. First, anticipate management needs based on factors like planned expansion. Next, review the firm’s management skills inventory to assess current talent. Then, create replacement charts that summarize potential candidates and each person’s development needs. 110. Changing employee attitudes, skills, and behaviors can be difficult.Explain how Lewin’s Change Process proposes how change should be implemented. (moderate; p. 292) Answer: To Lewin, all behavior in organizations is a product of two kinds of forces – those striving to maintain the status quo and those pushing for change. Implementing change means either weakening the status quo forces or building up the forces for change. Lewin’s change process consists of three steps: 1) unfreezing the forces that seek to maintain the status quo, 2) moving to develop new behaviors and attitudes, and 3) refreezing the organization into its new system to preven t it from reverting to its old ways.

Colorblind Love Essay - 2639 Words

Colorblind Love I met my wife Aretha in the fall of 1997; she had just moved from Portland, Oregon, to my hometown of Portland, Maine. By Christmas we were dating, and before we knew it we were both graduating and heading to Boston for college. We’re now happily married and have a one-year-old baby girl. It sounds like a classic high school sweetheart romance, right? Well, to us, yes. But to many people, we’re â€Å"different†. These people’s views have nothing to do with our love, our relationship, or our daughter. They have to do with race. Yes, I’m talking about the mere color of our skin. My wife is Black and I am White. We’re both Americans, born on the same soil and raised within the same language and popular culture—all variables are†¦show more content†¦For centuries, harsh laws called â€Å"antimiscegenation laws† prohibited interracial unions and carried severe legal consequences for violations. Randall Kennedy, Harvard profe ssor and author of Interracial Intimacies: Sex, Marriage, Identity, and Adoption, says that in 1913 â€Å"Wyoming became the last state to impose a statutory impediment to marital miscegenation, [and] forty-one others had already enacted similar laws†¦ Every state whose Black population reached or exceeded 5 percent of the total eventually drafted and enacted antimiscegenation laws.† These laws were frequently enforced and although they varied from state to state, prison sentences for violations averaged from one to ten years. In 1887 Ohio became the first state to repeal its antimiscegenation laws. Kennedy notes that no other state followed for sixty-four years, until Oregon did so in 1951. But no year was more important than 1967. In that year a White man, Richard Loving, and his Black wife, Mildred Jeter, were arrested in Virginia because their District of Columbia marriage license was invalid within Virginia’s borders. Lower court judge Leon Bazile ruled that Loving and Jeter could choose between a twenty-five year exile from Virginia or elect to serve a one-year prison sentence. In his article â€Å"Far From Heaven,† columnist Michael Lind quotes Bazile’s ruling: â€Å"Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow,Show MoreRelatedDesiree s Baby : Irony1392 Words   |  6 Pageseyes are gray, Armand, you know they are gray. And my skin is fair, seizing his wrist. Look at my hand; whiter than yours, Armand,† (Chopin 3) and also, â€Å"But Armand’s dark, handsom e face had not often been disfigured by frowns since the day he fell in love with her.† (Chopin 2). The baby association with darkness came when the baby was lying across Desiree bed, â€Å" Desiree’s eyes had been fixed absently and sadly upon the baby, while she was striving to penetrate the threatening mist that she felt closingRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour1283 Words   |  6 Pagesher life. Although she described her husband in a positive light, I do not believe she was happy and/or in love with him. My assumption is based on the fact that she demonstrated an incredible sense of relief when she thought he had passed on. A good example of this conclusion is the following quote: â€Å"And yet she had loved him – sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognizedRead MoreArmand And Desiree Aubigny : Blinded By Their Own Circumstances Essay1834 Words   |  8 Pagesnurtured by her adopted family, she cares little about her unknown heritage or bloodline—she knows her self-identity and cares little for what other’s think of her. Desiree is kind, young, and oblivious—almost childlike in her manner. She is excited about love and married life because it is all new to her. The prospected of being the wife of a wealthy plantation owner and a mother makes Desiree overjoyed; in fact, she described herself as â€Å"so happy; it frightens me† (Chopin 163). Moreover, Desiree is a motivatedRead MoreRacism1051 Words   |  5 Pagesfamiliar with this topic then the other two topics because I was the once who did the research for our group presentation about this. I came across numerous articles that were very eye opening to me. The first article I will talk about is called, Is Love Becoming Color Blind?. I really enjoyed reading through this article because it had personal examples from three different interracial couples. The first couple was Kristina Adamski and John Phillips, who were both in their early thirties. In theRead More Color blind by the Counting Crows Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesI am colorblind Coffee black and egg white Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am taffy stuck and tongue tied Stutter shook and uptight Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am fine I am covered in skin No one gets to come in Pull me out from inside I am folded and unfolded and unfolding I am colorblind Coffee black and egg white Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am fine (repeat 3 times) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement1407 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing numbers, blacks adopted the dominant colorblind portrayal of society, which served to propagate an ideology of self-hate by wrongly placing the hegemonic culture as more righteous and respectable than African American culture. Black communities, whether explicitly or implicitly, were indoctrinated to reject their own racial identity and yearn for the alleged purity of whiteness, which in reality was a facade. All the while, this colorblind perspective completely concealed the racially-basedRead MoreRacial Predujice toward Minority Groups1564 Words   |  6 PagesRacial prejudice toward minority groups has been a problem throughout all of history. While overt racism and prejudice may be diminished from the days of our dark past, covert racism is very much alive. Society loves to embellish on how far the country has come in the fight against racial prejudice by highlighting significant events such as having the first black president. Yet there are still too many instances of subtle racism. In 2011, there were almost 700,000 incidents of stop and frisk policingRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Racism1326 Words   |  6 Pagesthe education and knowledge to understand that there are good and bad people in every culture. One isn’t born into the world hating another. According to Psychology Today, â€Å"Nearly all White mothers in their research study adopted a â€Å"colormute†/ â€Å"colorblind† approach when discussing a book that was either directly or indirectly about race†¦most chose not to discuss race at all.† (Olson 5) If we don’t educate out children to address the issues, we can’t prevent that judgment thoughts that will occurRead MoreArticle Analysis: Educational Demographics: What Teacher Should Know by Harold Hodgkinson1390 Words   |  6 Pagesculture and past. It’s really imp ortant for me as an educator and for the student to feel welcome. I like how the author said to be â€Å"culture fair instead of colorblind.† We also talked about this in class. Personally, I think it’s best to be culture fair, as each student is different and has many interesting aspects of culture. If I were colorblind, I would glaze over those diversities and miss out on such interesting aspects of my students’ lives. It’s so important to try to get to know each of studentRead MoreRacism : A Theological Reflection1580 Words   |  7 Pagesfor a solution, or what may be concluded as an avoidance, some Christian communities began to adopt a problematic colorblind rhetoric which exercises a, â€Å"See people as people, not a color† concept. â€Å"White Christians, especially, seem incapable of recognizing the contradictions of their utopian language and their distinctly and deeply racialized lifestyles and daily choices. Colorblind rhetoric prevents people from evaluating and dissecting the majority of their social relationships, the places they

The Constitutional Provisions Of India - 1112 Words

INTRODUCTION India has certain constitutional provisions and laws that make it obligatory for the state to provide the right to adequate housing to all its citizens. The Constitution of India is firmly grounded in the principles of liberty, fraternity, equality and justice. The list of constitutional provisions that have a bearing on the right to adequate housing including women’s and children’s rights to adequate housing, are: equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15 (1)) Special provisions in favour of women and children based on the principle of protective discrimination (Article 15 (3)) Equality of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State (Article 16) Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India (Article 19(1) (d)) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India (Article 19 (1) (e)) Right of all citizens to practice any profession, or to carry on 9 any occupation, trade or business (Article 19 (1) (g)) Right to life and personal liberty (Article 21) DEFINITIONS Disability as defined by the Act (Person with Disability Act, 1995) covers blindness, low vision, leprosy-cured, hearing impairment, locomotor disability, mental retardation and mental illness as well as multiple disability. (l) Impairment - Missing or defective body part, an amputated Limb, paralysis afterShow MoreRelatedJudicial Review And The Indian Courts1444 Words   |  6 Pagesstate which is exercised by the courts to determine the validity of a rule of law or an action of any agency of the state. The courts have the power of testing the validity of legislative as well as other governmental action with reference to the provisions of the constitution. The judiciary tries to undo the harm that is being done by the legislature and executive and they also try to provide every citizen what has been guaranteed by the constitution. Judicial review has a more technical significanceRead MoreEssay on Reservation and The Right to Equality1674 Words   |  7 Pages15(5) which provided a right to the state to make laws for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes. The state by this amendment was given the power to make provisions or laws in relation to admission to all educational institutions except for minority educational institutions. To enforce this right The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 or the reservation act was passed. TheRead MoreArbitration1361 Words   |  6 Pages|was passed on 6 September 2012 by the Constitutional Bench of the Honble Supreme Court comprising Honble Chief Justice J.N. Patel, Justice | | |Surinder Singh Nijjar, Justice D.K. Jain, Justice Mrs. Ranjana Desai, Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar. This landmark judgment passed in Civil | | |Appeal No. 7019 of 2005 (Bharat Aluminium Co. vs. Kaiser Aluminium Technical Service, Inc.) along with 7 other Appeals lays down a new | | |foundation in India in respect of foreign arbitrations andRead MoreThe Right Of Education Act ( Rte ) Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pages Now our India has joined the group of those countries who provide for a constitutional right to free and compulsory education to its children. The RTE Act mandates that â€Å"every child of the age of six to fourteen years shall have a right to free and compulsory education in a neighbourhood school till completion of elementary education.† As per Section 12(1) of the Act, it is from within this neighbourhood that each school is to admit children belonging to EWS. This particular provision deals theRead MoreThe Definition Of Preventive Detention Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesprobability, of the impending commission of an act prejudicial to the state. The object is to prevent the abuse of freedom by anti-social and subversive elements. The Supreme Court in A.k.gopalan v. state of madras , explaining the necessity of provisions relating to p reventive detention observed: â€Å"This sinister-looking feature so strangely out of place in a democratic constitution which invests personal liberty with the sacrosanctity of the fundamental rights, and so incompatibleRead MoreIf The Political Party Development Act Of The Philippines1239 Words   |  5 Pageslaw making on behalf of the legislatures and senators. India’s Constitutional Amendment for Affirmative Action India’s affirmative action enshrined in their 1950 Constitution is used here to exemplify how the Constitution can be a powerful tool to promote equality of disadvantaged castes to the extent that it cannot be legally challenged and is practically irrevocable unless a Constitutional amendment is called to revise the provision on the reservation system. The Philippines could learn from thisRead MoreA Literal Reading Of The Indian Constitution1595 Words   |  7 Pagesspheres explicitly assigned to the States. Financial constraints of the states have led to the proliferation of central schemes and national missions. The all encompassing ambit of entry 20 in List III, social and economic planning provided the constitutional basis for the planned development model of the first phase. New elements of the division of powers and responsibilities have begun to assume importance, overshading to a certain extent the issues which dominated the reform agenda of the earlierRead MoreThe Case Of Unified Tele Services Providers Others V. Union Of India Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe verdict in the case of Association of Unified Tele Services Providers Others v. Union of India was delivered on April 17, 2014 by a bench consisting of Justice K.S. Radhakrishnana and Justice Vikramajit Sen. The Supreme Court of India pronounced that the Comptroller Auditor General of India (â€Å"CAG†) has the power to call for an audit of the accounts of private service providers who are parties to the UAS license scheme with the Government in order to ensure that the Government was receivingRead MoreSupreme Court Standing On Section 497 Of Ipc. This Part1374 Words   |  6 PagesUnion of India and V. Revathi v Union of India. These cases will discuss about Supreme Court stand ing on adultery. ï‚ § Yusuf Abdul Aziz Vs. The State of Bombay and Husseinbhoy Laljee The first important discussion regarding the constitutional validity of the section was held in the case of Yusuf Abdul Aziz v The State of Bombay and Husseinbhoy Laljee In this case, Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code was challenged to be ultra vires the Article 14 and 15 of the Constitution of India. The SupremeRead MoreCodification Of Parliamentary Privileges- Why It Is Absolutely1396 Words   |  6 PagesCODIFICATION OF PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES- WHY IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY? No law per to the provisions contained under Article 105(3)and 194(3) of the Constitution of India has been made so far with regard to the codification of the ‘other’ privileges, which is contrary to very intent and desire of the founding fathers. Even in the United Kingdom, the law with regard to the Parliamentary Privileges has undergone tremendous change since 1950, however, the Indian Legislatures have still not realized

The Constitution Of The United States - 894 Words

Abaft every country in the world is a set of rules and regulations that is the substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailing how to country is governed. Not only that, but the Constitution states what rights citizens gain at birth. Although the Constitution has been used to make important changes throughout U.S history, many people are still oblivious to the document, and through analyzing the Constitution citizens can see the changes the document has made on society. Study The U.S Constitution is a very important document for the United States. Not only does the U.S Constitution give rudimental guidelines of our country, but also guarantees rudimental rights for citizens of the United States. Nicknamed â€Å"The Supreme Law of the Land† the Constitution can be described as the backbone of our country. However, most people of our country do not know most of the information contained in the Constitution or sometimes what the Constitution is. According to a survey conducted by ABC news, seventy percent of Americans could not name whatShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitu tion was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be heldRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe Constitution of the United States divide powers between both Congress and President in a way to prevent tyranny. The legislative and executive branches have major roles in America’s form of government. Each have significant roles but would overlay within each other especially when it comes to foreign policy. In the process of foreign policy, both sides tend to collide whether it may be Congress against the executive branch or vice versa. It becomes something contradictory in which Political Scientist

Illegal Drug Control Free Essays

Those questions are addressed in this report which reviews drug ppolicy and results in Australia. In 1998, United Nations Member States met in a Special Session of the General Assembly and agreed to take tougher action to reduce both the illicit supply of, and the demand for, drugs before 2008. Australia has taken that pledge seriously. We will write a custom essay sample on Illegal Drug Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1998 it introduced a â€Å"Tough on Drugs Strategy† that aims to reduce drug supply, trafficking, and demand as well as the harm caused by drugs. This Strategy seems to be working: drug use levels have dropped significantly. Indeed, the turn around has been dramatic. To improve global efforts to contain the threat posed by drugs, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) seeks to increase the body of knowledge available to ppolicy makers. That includes collecting success stories. If Australia continues to build on its recent progress, it too could become a success story and provide inspiration and valuable lessons for other countries. This report, following a ssimilar UNODC study of Sweden’s drug ppolicy (2006), aims to contribute to a growing body of evidence that will help countries bring their drug problems under control. Antonio Maria Costa Executive Director United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 3 In response to increases in drug abuse in the 1990’s Australia implemented a vigilant drug control strategy. As this report makes clear, drug control has long been a priority of recent Governments and effective changes in recent years were due to pro-active, empirically-based drug control strategy, and a well developed system of services at the state and local levels. This report analyses the developments and changes in Australia’s drug policies over the last decades and their impact. Australia implemented a rather repressive drug control ppolicy from the beginning of the 20th century. This worked well until the 1970s. Australia shifted to harm-reduction approaches as of the mid 1980s, with a sthrong emphasis on prevention and treatment. This helped Australia to avoid a large-scale injecting drug use (IDU) related HIV/AIDS epidemic. In contrast to alcohol and tobacco where Australia achieved remarkable demand reduction through prevention activities, drug abuse continued rising and reached alarming levels by 1998. In 1998 Australia introduced a National Illicit Drugs Strategy â€Å"Tough on Drugs† which strengthened the supply control aspects without weakening demand-side interventions or giving up harm-reduction approaches. In the case of heroin, the strategy focused clearly on a reduction of supply. There followed higher heroin prices, lower heroin purity and ultimately substantially lower levels of heroin consumption. Drug related deaths declined, as well as drug related crime. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROVIDES THE CLEAREST INDICATION OF A DRUG ADDICTION? Answer at this question at  https://donemyessay.com/unit-5-review/ Use of other drugs also declined, both among the general population and among secondary school sstudents- mainly due to improved prevention and treatment activities and more funds made available by the authorities to drug control in general. The Australian National Council on Drugs (ANCD) incorporated many of the leading drug experts of the country and strengthened calls for higher budgets in the fight against the drug problem. Australia’s drug ppolicy has been based on a broad ppolicy mix of supply reduction, demand reduction and harm minimisation policies. In addition, Australia has made commendable efforts at advancing the knowledge base for policy making. The country has consistently conducted in-depth research and evaluations of its various strategies and programmes – subsequently adjusting them according to efficacy. This concentration on empirically-based ppolicy formulation continues to demonstrate positive results. The drug ppolicy was largely bi-partisan in nature as the States as well as the federal Government participated in its formulation and implementation (Until recently, the individual States were governed by different political parties than federal Australia). A new Australian Government, elected in late 2007, is yet to leave its mark on domestic drug strategies. How to cite Illegal Drug Control, Papers

A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay Example For Students

A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay A Clean Well-Lighted Place, written by Ernest Hemmingway, takes place after 2am in a Spanish caf where the characters a young waiter and an older waiter work, and a deaf man is a regular customer. The title, A Clean Well-Lighted Place, refers to the caf where the story takes place. The night (or early morning) this story takes place, the young waiter is in a rush to get home to his wife. Although the caf is not closed yet, the young waiter lies to the deaf man, saying the caf is closed, and forces the deaf man to leave early. Following this incident, the older waiter protests the younger waiters actions by explaining why the old man spends so much time alone in the caf during the evenings. After his explanation, the older waiter goes on to explain that he spends his life in much the same way as the deaf man because he too is lonely. The character of the older waiter and his response to the younger waiters treatment of the deaf man as well as his account of his loneliness are major co ntributors to the theme: with age comes loneliness. Although the characters of the deaf man and the young waiter are important parts of the story because they are personalities the older waiter uses to tell his account of his loneliness, the character of the older waiter contributes most to the overall theme. It is the older waiter whose point of view the narrator tells the story and through the older waiters point of view his deep feelings of loneliness become apparent . While closing the caf and after the younger waiter left, the older waiter continues his conversation (in his head) with the young waiter about the deaf man in the following speech. . .he continued the conversation with himself the older waiter . . . What did he fear? It was not fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanliness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada . (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)While the older waiter is referring to the deaf man in this passage, it is obvious he knows all too well exactly what the deaf man is feeling. The older waiter goes on, replacing words of the Lords Prayer with nada (the Spanish word for nothing) and further deepening the belief that he too is completely forlorn:Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)After completing this speech and allowing the reader this awful glimpse into his perception of life, the waiter then goes a bar. While the older waiters version of the Lords Prayer confirms the notion that he feels life is made of nothing, it is earlier in the story where the waiter acknowledges his belief that age causes his loneliness. This is noticeable in his conversation with the younger waiter: Why didnt you let him stay and drink? the unhurried waiter asked the older waiter. . .its not half past two. The young waiter answers the older waiter saying he wants to get home early to is wife. Whats an hour? The older waiter says More to me than to him. Says the young waiter You talk like an old man yourself . . . .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postImageUrl , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:visited , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active { border:0!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby - The Characters EssayAnd you? You have no fear of going home before the usual hour?No . . . says the young waiter . . .I have confidence. I am all confidence. You have youth, confidence, and a job, the older waiter said. You have everything. And what do you lack? . . . You have everything I have. No. I have never had confidence and I am not young. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)This conversation actualizes the theme, with age comes loneliness. In addition to the older waiters conversation with the younger waiter as well as his version of the Lords Prayer, the waiter also explains the need for a clean, well-lighted place, immediately symbolizing the caf. The meaning of the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place is explained by the older waiter once his stream of consciousness takes over after he closes the caf. . . . Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It is the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)With this explanation, the older waiter allows the reader to understand why a place like the caf is necessary for those that live as dismal as he does. By using the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place to refer to the caf and allowing the older waiter to explain why the caf deserves such a title, Ernest Hemmingway symbolizes the caf. Through this explanation, the older waiter leads the reader to conclude that this is not just a caf, it is an island of refuge from night, chaos, loneliness, and old age (p.218, Gioia and Kennedy) as well as the theme that age brings loneliness. Although the message conveyed by A Clean Well-Lighted Place is age causes loneliness or age brings about loneliness, that message is not constantly true (there are too many people in the world for anyone to pass that type of judgment). However, in this particular story, age brings about loneliness is a theme that may be true to many people. Nevertheless the fact remains that in A Clean Well-Lighted Place the older waiters actions and his personal thoughts as well as the symbol of the caf leads to the overall message that with age comes loneliness. Bibliography:Gioia, Dana and X.J. Kennedy. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 7th edition. New York: Longman, 1999